The theory of mind  (ToM) has been instrumental in shaping research in psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence, providing a theoretical framework for investigating the cognitive processes underlying social interaction and communication. Social cognitive deficits appear to be a core cognitive phenotype of many clinical conditions (Cotter et al. 2018). Early work in social cognition focused on the central role of ToM impairments as a hallmark feature of ASD  (Baro

Spirituality and mental health are two interconnected aspects of our well-being. Many individuals draw comfort, guidance, and a sense of purpose from their spiritual beliefs. These beliefs can play a significant role in promoting mental resilience and providing a framework for coping with life's challenges. Spiritual experiences can range from a sense of connection to a higher power or universal energy to divine revelations or encounters with entities beyond the material wor

Historically, what we now know as schizophrenia has been perceived differently across time and cultural contexts. In different cultures (and at different times) the same experiences can be seen either as special gifts or pathological experiences – symptoms of psychotic illnesses and disorders. Those who in the West are referred to as psychotics or schizophrenics, in other cultures can be considered healers or shamans. It is notable that some religions were started by ‘experie

Two Spectra or Continua? Autism and schizophrenia are two complex neurodevelopmental disorders/conditions that have been extensively studied in the field of psychiatry. Although ASD and schizophrenia share some overlapping symptoms and risk factors, they are distinct neurodevelopmental conditions with different diagnostic criteria and clinical presentations. Historical Note Both autism and schizophrenia have a long history, but their understanding and diagnostic criteria have